Block Orthogonal Polynomials: I. Definitions and Properties

Constrained orthogonal polynomials have been recently introduced in the study of the HohenbergKohn functional to provide basis functions satisfying particle number conservation for an expansion of the particle density. More generally, we define block orthogonal (BO) polynomials which are orthogonal, with respect to a first Euclidean scalar product, to a given i-dimensional subspace Ei of polynomials associated with the constraints. In addition, they are mutually orthogonal with respect to a second Euclidean scalar product. We recast the determination of these polynomials into a general problem of finding particular orthogonal bases in an Euclidean vector space endowed with distinct scalar products. An explicit two step Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization (G-SO) procedure to determine these bases is given. By definition, the standard block orthogonal (SBO) polynomials are associated with a choice of Ei equal to the subspace of polynomials of degree less than i. We investigate their properties, emphasizing similarities to and differences from the standard orthogonal polynomials. Applications to classical orthogonal polynomials will be given in forthcoming papers. PACS numbers: 02.10.Ud, 02.30.Gp, 02.30.Mv, 21.60.-n, 31.15.Ew, 71.15.Mb